CsI(Tl) is the most typical alkali halide scintillation crystal which wavelength is 550nm, It's best matchable for PD, SiPM etc. CsI(Tl) has high density, High Z, No cleavage plane, excellent detection effiency, it's widely used in high energy physics, Nuclear detector, Space detection, security inspection,SPECT and container checking etc.
Properties:
Density(g/cm3)
|
4.51
|
Melting Point (K)
|
894
|
Thermal Expansion
Coefficient (K-1)
|
54 x 10-6
|
Cleavage Plane
|
None
|
Hardness (Mho)
|
2
|
Hygroscopic
|
Slightly
|
Wavelength of Emission
Maximum (nm)
|
550
|
Lower Wavelength Cutoff(nm)
|
320
|
Refractive Index at Emission
Maximum
|
1.79
|
Primary Decay Time (ns)
|
1000
|
Afterglow (after 30ms) [%]
|
0.5 – 0.8
|
Light Yield (photons/keV)
|
52- 56
|
Photoelectron Yield [% of
NaI(Tl)] (for γ-rays)
|
45
|
1. Type: liner array (1D) or 2D array
Our Advantage:
-
Minimal pixel dimension available
-
Reduced optical crosstalk
-
Good uniformity between pixel to pixel/ Array to array
-
TiO2/BaSO4/ESR/E60
-
Pixel Gap: 0.08, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3mm
-
Performance testing available
2. Kinheng offers
various arrays for end application. We can provide CsI(Tl), CsI(Na), CdWO4, LYSO,LSO,
YSO, GAGG, BGO scintillation arrays. Based on the application
TiO2/BaSO4/ESR/E60 are wildly used as reflective material for pixel isolation.
Our mechanical processing keeps the minimal tolerance to optimize array’s
physical properties including tolerance, dimension, minimal-cross talk and uniformity etc.
3.
Materials’ properties
Properties
|
CsI(Tl)
|
GAGG
|
CdWO4
|
LYSO
|
LSO
|
BGO
|
GOS(Pr/Tb) Ceramic
|
Density(g/cm3)
|
4.51
|
6.6
|
7.9
|
7.15
|
7.3~7.4
|
7.13
|
7.34
|
Hygroscopic
|
Slightly
|
No
|
No
|
No
|
No
|
No
|
No
|
Relative
light output(% of NaI(Tl)) (for γ-rays)
|
45
|
158(HL)/
132(BL)/79(FD)
|
32
|
65-75
|
75
|
15-20
|
71/ 118
|
Decay time(ns)
|
1000
|
150(HL)/
90(BL)/748(FD)
|
14000
|
38-42
|
40
|
300
|
3000/ 600000
|
Afterglow@30ms
|
0.6-0.8%
|
0.1-0.2%
|
0.1-0.2%
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
0.1-0.2%
|
0.1-0.2%
|
Array type
|
Liner
and 2D
|
Liner
and 2D
|
Liner and
2D
|
2D
|
2D
|
2D
|
Liner
and 2D
|
4.Mechanical design for
assembling
Based on the
end use of assembled array, there are many kinds of mechanic design from
Kinheng to meet the medical and security inspection industry.
1D Liner
array are mainly used for Security inspection industy, such as Bagger scanner,
Aviation scanner, 3D scanner and NDT. Material Including CsI(Tl), GOS:Tb/Pr
Film, GAGG:Ce, CdWO4 scintillator etc. They are typically coupled with Silicon
Photodiode line array for read out.
2D array are
normally used for imaging, including Medical(SPECT, PET, PET-CT, ToF-PET), SEM,
Gamma camera. These 2D array are typically coupled with SIPM array, PMT array
for read out. Kinheng provide 2D array including LYSO, CsI(Tl), LSO, GAGG, YSO,
CsI(Na), BGO scintillator etc.
Below is
kinheng’s typically design drawing for 1D And 2D array for industry.
(Kinheng liner array)
(Kinheng 2D array)
4-A: Important
parameter: (A,B,C,D in above design)
A.1 Material
type: As per request from customer
A.2 Pixel
size: Liner array pixel size A,B,C & 2D array pixel size A, C are
adjustable per request,
A.3 Pitch:
Liner array A+B & 2D array B, D are adjustable per request.
A.4 GAP: We
provided the smallest gap 0.1mm (including adhesive) for liner array and 0.08mm
(including adhesive) for 2D array.
A.5 Array
thickness: As per request. Kinheng provide customization
A.6
Treatment of pixel: Polishing, Fine ground or special request available
4-B: Typical
Pixel size& numbers
Material
|
Typical
pixel size
|
Typical
numbers
|
Liner
|
2D
|
Liner
|
2D
|
CsI(Tl)
|
1.275x2.7
|
1x1mm
|
1x16
|
19x19
|
GAGG
|
1.275x2.7
|
0.5x0.5mm
|
1X16
|
8x8
|
CdWO4
|
1.275x2.7
|
3x3mm
|
1x16
|
8x8
|
LYSO/LSO/YSO
|
N/A
|
1X1mm
|
N/A
|
25x25
|
BGO
|
N/A
|
1x1mm
|
N/A
|
13X13
|
GOS(Tb/Pr)
ceramic
|
1.275X2.7
|
1X1mm
|
1X16
|
19X19
|
4-C: Minimal
size of Pixel
Material
|
Minimal
pixel size
|
Liner
|
2D
|
CsI(Tl)
|
0.4mm
pitch
|
0.5mm
pitch
|
GAGG
|
0.4mm
pitch
|
0.2mm
|
CdWO4
|
0.4mm
pitch
|
1mm
|
LYSO/LSO/YSO
|
N/A
|
0.2mm
|
BGO
|
N/A
|
0.2mm
|
GOS(Tb/Pr)
ceramic
|
0.4mm
pitch
|
1mm
pitch
|
5.
Scintillation Array Reflector and Adhesive parameter
Reflector
|
Thickness of
Reflector+Adhesive
|
Liner
|
2D
|
TiO2
|
0.1-1mm
|
0.1—1mm
|
BaSO4
|
0.1mm
|
0.1-0.5mm
|
ESR
|
N/A
|
0.08mm
|
E60
|
N/A
|
0.075mm
|
6.
Scintillation array Application
Properties
|
CsI(Tl)
|
GAGG
|
CdWO4
|
LYSO
|
LSO
|
BGO
|
GOS(Tb/Pr)
Ceramic
|
PET, ToF-PET
|
|
Yes
|
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
|
SPECT
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
|
|
|
|
CT
|
|
|
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
NDT
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
|
|
|
Bagger
scanner
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
|
|
|
Container Checking
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
|
|
|
Gamma camera
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
|
|
|
|
7.Quality control for
Array
7-1.Energy
resolution testing
7-2 Floods map
7-3.Relative
light output testing for liner array
Kinheng
has capacity for relative light output comparison testing for LYSO/GAGG with
NaI(Tl)by PMT read out.
7-4.
uniformity Guarantee
Kinheng
will select each single pixel per request, we are able to keep the light output
uniformity within 10%, 15%, 20% per different requirement. Each slab was
carefully selected and tested.
7-5.Ineternal
defects testing
7-6.Physical
dimension testing.
8.
Pixelated array from Kinheng
1. CsI(Tl) Liner and 2D array
